English is the standard language in various fields, including international business and higher education. Non-native English speakers wishing to migrate, study, or work in an English-speaking country must prove their proficiency in the language. Obtaining a high score in the TOEFL (Test of English as a Foreign Language), designed and managed by the Educational Testing Services (ETS), is one way to achieve it. This guide helps you learn how to study for TOEFL and understand its requirements.
Study the Test Format and Structure
Types of Test
There are two types of TOEFL tests that you can take: TOEFL iBT Test and TOEFL Essentials Test. The former helps people to be more confident in using English. It measures the basic academic English skills, such as writing, speaking, listening, and reading, as employed in the classroom.
The Essentials Test also focuses on primary language skills. However, this test is friendlier and shorter, with tasks relating to everyday life and academic situations.
Format and Structure of the Test
The TOEFL exam format has four sections—reading, listening, speaking, and writing. The ETS designed the exams to assess the exam takers’ ability to use English in the four sections in a university setting.
The test structure abides by a specific schedule and order, as follows:
The Reading Test includes three academic reading passages and ten multiple-choice questions for each passage.
The Listening Test has five passages. There are three academic lectures with six questions for each one and two campus conversations, each with five questions. Additionally, there is a ten-minute break after these two tests.
The Speaking Test includes four tasks, and you must use a microphone when providing your answers.
The Writing Test includes two essays.
TOEFL is a timed exam. You have 60 to 80 minutes for Reading, 60 to 90 minutes for Listening, 20 minutes for Speaking, and 50 minutes for Writing. Overall, the entire test lasts about four hours.
Set Goals and Make a Schedule
Set Goals
The TOEFL tests measure your English skills at the university level. Thus, aim to have a college-level vocabulary of at least 2,000 words. Practice reading 200 to 250-word passages with minimal hesitations and pauses within one minute or less. Set a goal to watch various English-language programs for 20-30 minutes at least twice a week. Take notes, write 150-word summaries for these programs, and read your work aloud.
Set a Target Score
TOEFL’s total aggregate score is 120. However, several colleges and universities accept scores between 90 and 100. The score you should aim for should be based on the school or program you want to get into. Remember that many schools or degree programs require a score of more than 100.
Make a Study Plan
A six-month study plan is enough for most TOEFL candidates to prepare for the exams. You can assign a target each month. Start with building your fundamental skills in the language before starting the TOEFL exercises and taking practice and simulated tests for the first four months. Do a comprehensive review in the fifth month and another learning, reviewing, and testing round in the final month.
Build Your Vocabulary
You need an extensive, university-level vocabulary of more than 1,200 words to ensure good scores in all TOEFL sections. Visit the ETS website for resources to improve vocabulary or search online for TOEFL-related resources.
Build your vocabulary by writing down new words you encounter. Find their meanings and usage, and familiarize yourself with the words by saying them often. Use the words in sentences during practice tests.
Take Advantage of TOEFL Resources
Available Official TOEFL Resources
You can purchase the Official Guide to the TOEFL iBT Test (e-book or paperback) and the Official TOEFL iBT Tests, Volumes 1 & 2, from the ETS.org website. These books include tips, practice tests, samples, audio files, and scoring criteria.
TOEFL Study Guides and Free Resources
The ETS also provides a free, downloadable study guide from their website. The TOEFL iBT Test Prep Planner contains information about the test sections, activities to build your skill, sample test questions, tips, and scoring information.
Another free resource that could aid your preparation is the ETS-created TOEFL iBT Interactive Sampler. This will help you become familiar with the online test format. You can do practice tests from previous TOEFL tests using the TOEFL iBT Test Questions. The TOEFL Quick Prep provides four mini-tests and audio files to familiarize you with the test’s listening section.
ETS developed these official guides and free resources to give TOEFL test-takers the best chance to achieve higher test scores. Read or listen carefully to the instructions to learn properly and in the right order.
Consume Helpful Media
You can access several English-language shows and programs that could help you improve your language skills online and offline. Choose the programs that interest you, so you can stay motivated. However, it is also important to brush up on all topics.
Read daily to sharpen your skills based on the TOEFL’s four sections. Classic books are good choices. For other reading materials, choose those that focus on English and those where you can get tips on how to master the language.
Master the Art of Note-Taking
During the test for the writing, speaking, and listening sections, you can write your notes on the scratch paper they provide. Make sure that you practice note-taking while studying for the exam.
Also, learn how to maximize the use of available space on your scratch paper. Practice writing clearly and neatly. Write the question numbers, so you easily know which notes match the specific questions. Moreover, use lists to track progress in the passage. Learn to pick vital details and key points, use abbreviations and symbols, and write your notes in English.
Practice Typing and Writing Essays
The TOEFL iBT test is on a computer with a standard keyboard; thus, it is vital to practice typing on it. Learn to type better and faster because you will be writing long essays. You should type these quickly and accurately within the given time. Get familiar with the keyboard, learn the correct typing position, and practice. Speed will come naturally through practice.
Write Well
Your writing skills are important in TOEFL, so ensure you read and listen to the passages well. Take short, precise notes, and paraphrase each passage. Use transitional words and phrases, have a definite opinion, and make a clear conclusion. Manage your time so you can edit your essay later. Ensure you have enough time to practice writing before taking the exam.
Time Your Writing
You only have between 20 and 30 minutes for essay writing. Thus, time your writing, so you can learn to avoid being under pressure and feeling nervous.
Get Help
Hire a tutor to help you study for the TOEFL. Choose one with years of experience that fits your budget. Ensure that the tutor is willing to have a ten- to fifteen-minute phone consultation, which will help the tutor gauge your English-speaking abilities and find out more about your goals while you learn about the tutor’s style of teaching.
Form a study group with other students who are also preparing for the TOEFL. Limit the group to about three or four members. Studying and practicing are easier with people who are in the same situation. Ensure that the members are committed to studying and learning. They should come to your weekly meeting fully prepared.
Improve Your English Language Proficiency
TOEFL can be demanding and complex for an international student because the test’s design is for the university setting. You can have better chances of success by giving yourself time to prepare for the tests. Use the ETS-developed study plan and follow it strictly.
Sarah is an accomplished educator, researcher and author in the field of testing and assessment. She has worked with various educational institutions and organisations to develop innovative evaluation methods and enhance student learning. Sarah has published numerous articles and books on assessment and learning. Her passion for promoting equity and fairness in the education system fuels her commitment to sharing insights and best practices with educators and policymakers around the world.
The Graduate Record Examinations (GRE Test) is a paper or computer-based standardized test used as one of the requirements for graduate school admission. First introduced in the 1930s by the Carnegie Foundation for the Advancement of Teaching, it is now administered by the world’s largest private educational testing organization, the Educational Testing Service (ETS).
Taking the GRE costs more than $200, but the test taker may apply for a lower fee by completing and submitting the GRE Fee Reduction request form. Since it’s not a free test, it’s important to prepare for it.
Go over this GRE Test ultimate guide to know this standardized test better and be more ready to take it.
GRE Overview
The GRE evaluates the verbal reasoning, critical thinking, and writing skills of the test takers. It is composed of vocabulary, math, argument and reasoning, and data analysis and interpretation sections. The GRE is used not only as an admission screening method but also as a factor for selecting new hires.
Institutions that offer scholarships and fellowships may require the GRE scores as part of the application process. Some companies may also use the GRE scores as one of the criteria for candidate assessment, especially for positions that require advanced education.
GRE Format
The GRE test usually takes around 225 minutes or nearly four hours. This estimated duration already includes the one-minute breaks test takers take after every section. There is also a ten-minute recess after the third section.
The GRE test, which has been called the GRE General Test since 2011, consists of six sections: one for analytical writing, two verbal reasoning sections, two quantitative reasoning sections, and a research/experimental section.
The analytical writing section is composed of issue and argument tasks. The issue task lasts for 30 minutes, wherein the test taker writes an essay about a specific topic. The argument task also involves essay writing. However, it focuses on critiquing an argument, which is presented as a set of facts and scenarios that point to a conclusion.
The verbal reasoning section has two sets, each with twenty multiple-choice questions. Thirty minutes are allotted for the completion of each set.
The questions under the verbal reasoning section evaluate a test taker’s ability to analyze details, synthesize information, and identify the connections between words and ideas.
The quantitative reasoning section also uses multiple-choice questions. It has two sets with 20 questions each. However, the sets have slightly longer durations, at 35 minutes each. This section evaluates a candidate’s arithmetic, data analysis, and numerical reasoning skills.
GRE Registration
To register for a GRE test, you need to go to the official ETS website to create an account. After you get an account, proceed to the My GRE page and click on the Register button. You will be asked to choose your test date and location. There are over a thousand GRE testing centers worldwide.
The computer-based test can be taken several times in a year as long as the chosen testing center is available. For the paper-based test, it may only be taken three times a year, in February, October, and November.
All the information you need to register and take the test is on the ETS website. There are also checklists, guides, practice tests, and other useful resources on the site. Be sure to take advantage of these free GRE resources.
GRE Preparation Tips
Preparing for a GRE test is not that different from readying for other exams. The key is to start with practice tests. Your performance with the practice tests will help you identify the areas you need to work on. Finish as many practice tests as you can until you achieve your desired scores.
The practice tests provided by ETS and third-party sources can help you learn what you need and work on your analytical and memory skills on relevant topics.
When doing practice tests, it is advisable to simulate the actual test scenario. Learn to work with the time limits. Complete the different test sections according to their allotted durations. It is also very important to be a fast reader. Your reading pace will greatly affect your performance.
Additionally, get accustomed to the different types of questions in the test.
GRE Scoring
You will only get a score after taking the GRE. But, there is no indication about whether you passed or failed. It is the academic institution or employer that determines their required minimum score. ETS says that the average score for all test takers is 150 for the verbal reasoning section and 152 for math. Aim for a score that is significantly higher than the average.
Most academic institutions require verbal and quantitative scores in the 158 to 164 range. For analytical writing, a good score would be in the 4.5 to 6.0 range.
For context, the verbal and quantitative reasoning sections are scored on a 130-170 scale. You cannot go lower than 130 or higher than 170. For analytical writing, the lowest is 0, and the highest is 6.
Retaking the GRE
If you are not satisfied with the score you get, you may take the GRE again even before the five-year score validity expires. You will not be compelled to show your previous scores. It is always the latest score that matters.
However, you will only be allowed to take the test a maximum of five times in a 365-day rolling period. This means that if you took your first test in February, you may only take the test four more times from March of the current year to January of the next year. Also, you may only take a new test 21 days after the last test.
You Need Strategy for the GRE
The GRE is regarded as one of the toughest standardized tests. It is more difficult than college entrance and scholarship exams. The reading and vocabulary sections of the test are particularly tricky. To obtain good scores, it is important to get deeply acquainted with the GRE to understand how it works and how to get the best scores. Also, choose the best testing schedule.
Sarah is an accomplished educator, researcher and author in the field of testing and assessment. She has worked with various educational institutions and organisations to develop innovative evaluation methods and enhance student learning. Sarah has published numerous articles and books on assessment and learning. Her passion for promoting equity and fairness in the education system fuels her commitment to sharing insights and best practices with educators and policymakers around the world.
The healthcare industry remains to be one of the most stable globally. Aside from the commonly-known jobs within it, there are many other professions and possible career paths that it can offer, especially in hospital and/or nursing management. Occupations, especially within the administrative side, are in demand in hospitals and other healthcare facilities. These positions are critical in keeping the hospital running and ensuring that there are quality facilities both for incoming and outgoing patients.
Best Jobs in Hospital/Nursing Management
Hospital management is defined as the management of the hospital in its entirety, the bulk of which is coordination between departments and establishing proper communication channels in order to provide quality healthcare. From patient records to inventory of supplies, to disbursement of medicines and payments, hospital management employees ensure smooth cooperation to avoid inconveniencing patients.
Many healthcare professionals experience or learn aspects of hospital management in their studies and internships. They are required to be part of it on some level as their coordination is also critical in the upkeep of records for the hospital.
Nursing management on the other hand is specific to the management and assignments of nurses in specific units, as well as their training, further education, and support. Nurses are critical to the daily care of patients and the satisfaction of their families. Careers in medical and health services management require a minimum of a bachelor’s degree and the respective license, along with several years of experience, depending on the position they are applying for.
Nurse Manager
Nurse managers are responsible for administrative roles with respect to the nurses in the hospital. They manage the nurses and represent them in hospital discussions. Their more specific roles include the scheduling of the nurses per week, as well as training and development with regard to new technologies or equipment that they will be using.
The minimum requirement to become a nursing manager is a Registered Nurse (RN) certification. Employers also usually require a certain number of years of experience and also prefer a Master of Science in Nursing (MSN). There are also certifications that aspiring nurse managers can take, such as the American Organization for Nursing Leadership’s (AONL) Certified Nurse Manager and Leader (CNML).
For those applying for positions in the United Kingdom’s National Health Service (NHS), passing tests such as the NHS Numeracy Literacy Test is necessary to get through the next level of the application process.
Hospital Administrator
Also known as a hospital executive or healthcare administrator, this role is responsible for the overall operations of the healthcare facility. This includes strategic planning, financial management, and coordination of services. Hospital administrators also ensure proper compliance in all aspects, from licensing requirements to patient privacy regulations.
Hospital Administrator careers start with a bachelor’s degree, something preferably related to healthcare such as Nursing, Public Health Administration, and Business Administration. Due to the weight of their responsibilities, they may also be required to have an MBA in Healthcare or related coursework, on top of years of experience.
Nurse Supervisor
Nursing supervisors oversee patient care operations, as well as monitoring nursing staff every shift. They ensure the quality of care of each patient and are required to be on top of each shift so no mistakes will be made. They focus more on the administrative side and ensure transparent operations, as well as training for new hires. Like any other team leader in other companies, they also provide feedback to their staff.
Like nurse managers, nurse supervisors are also required to be RNs with a significant amount of experience. Those with MSNs are also more preferred, although years of experience and other certifications such as Graduate Certificate in Nursing Administration and Leadership also bear significant weight.
Clinical Nurse Educator
Maintaining quality healthcare in hospitals doesn’t just mean new equipment. It also requires healthcare providers who are updated on the latest in the field of medicine, who can operate new medical equipment, and who can administer treatments successfully to patients in need. This is where Clinical Nurse Educators come in, as they are responsible for the design and delivery of nursing education programs, keeping them up to date with the fast pace of medicine and healthcare innovations.
Clinical nurse educators are specialty roles that require more than just an RN. Most hospitals require an MSN or even a PhD in Nursing Philosophy. They also need to obtain a Certified Nurse Educator (CNE) Certification, which proves their specialties and specific rank as an educator.
Nurse Consultant
Nurse consultants on the other hand are specialty nurses that offer consultancy services based on specific needs of a hospital, whether for legal cases, healthcare quality and compliance, education and training, policy and program development, or risk management.
Many nurses work their way to becoming a consultant in their chosen specialties by studying and taking on courses while they practice, such as a Master’s Degree. For those specializing in legal aspects, they are also encouraged to pursue the Legal Nurse Consultant Certification (LNCC). The common progression from staff to consultant is staff nurse to charge nurse, to team leaders or managers, to clinical nurse specialists.
Nursing Director
Nursing Directors are executive-level positions that play a critical role in developing and managing the entire nursing staff of a hospital or healthcare facility. They also shape the education and training of the nurses, as well as ensure proper budget and allocation.
Nursing directors need a minimum of MSN in related nursing fields, such as Nursing Education, Nursing Informatics, Public Health Nursing, and Nursing Leadership in Health Care Systems. Those with a Doctorate in Nursing Practice (DNP) are also highly preferred, as it is the highest level of education available for those practicing and seeking administrative positions in the US.
Chief Nursing Officer
Chief Nursing Officers or CNOs are at the top of the nursing administrative leaders, leading the strategic planning for staff and representing them in top management meetings. They are also in charge of policy development and compliance in line with the state or country they are practicing. In case of crises or certain key events, such as the COVID-19 pandemic, they plan and execute crisis management plans that will ensure the protection of the staff while keeping the quality of healthcare in all departments.
Just like Nursing Directors, those who aim to be CNOs need MSNs or a DNP on top of years of experience and various administrative backgrounds to be considered for the position. Other certifications include Nurse Executive Certification (NE-BC) and Director of Nursing Services-Certified (DNS-CT) to improve leadership and management skills.
Why Choose Nursing Management
Nursing Management is a great way for RNs to further their career. While the responsibilities become definitely heavier, it also offers higher compensation. Obtaining specialty degrees and certifications also increases one’s demand in the field.
Salary
As of 2021, the average annual salary for medical and health services managers in the US is at $101,340. In the UK, managers at starting positions can expect £26,382 annually, while experienced ones can expect up to £68,525.
In the US, nurse managers start out at $28.11/hour or $58,470 annually, and can go as high as $42.11/hour or $87,591 annually as time goes by. In the UK, the average nurse manager salary is £20.51/hour or £40,000 per year. Entry-level positions can expect a salary of £35,666 per year while experienced ones can earn up to £50,000 per year.
Clinical nurse educators can expect to earn around $84,945 to $109,520 annually in the US and around £57,077 in the UK, depending on the position and specialty. Those who practice as freelancers can also expect a different salary range. Nursing consultant annual salaries on the other hand range from $83,082 to $100,466 in the US and £55,000 to £75,000 in the UK.
Nursing directors in the US earn an annual salary around the range of $142,115 to $187,227, while those in the UK earn an average of £83,135. For higher administrative positions such as hospital administrators, they can earn up to $381,775 annually in the US and up to £266,194 in the UK. Finally, Chief Nursing Officers can expect an annual salary range of $216,520 to $294,560 in the US and £115,670 to up to £216,000 in the UK.
In the United States, the average pay for each position also depends on the facility or hospital they work in.
Take note that these average annual salaries and ranges can change at any moment.
Outlook
In the United States, employment for medical and health services managers is expected to grow 28% from 2021 to 2031, much faster than the average for all occupations. RNs can also expect more than 50,000 openings to open up for these positions each year over the next decade. Reasons for openings include the increasing number of hospitals, those who shift to different occupations, or those who will retire. The use of electronic health records (EHRs) will also create demand for managers with knowledge of health information technology (IT) and informatics systems.
In the UK, the NHS provides guidelines on how to shift to a management career, which also includes project management, finance, and corporate affairs. Proper preparation in the NHS is important if one aims to work for them.
A Stable Career in Healthcare Management
Registered nurses have many opportunities for growth and advancement in the hospital and nursing management field. While these leadership roles lean towards more administrative responsibilities, these positions still allow them to look out for patients and provide quality healthcare. Roles such as Nursing Supervisors, Nurse Educators, and Chief Nursing Officers are natural paths for those who see themselves in leadership roles.
If you are aiming to enter or advance your career in the field, you can expect a stable demand for jobs with varying salary ranges. As long as you are willing to do the work, study to pass application exams, and acquire in-demand or required certifications, there is a good career path waiting for you.
Sarah is an accomplished educator, researcher and author in the field of testing and assessment. She has worked with various educational institutions and organisations to develop innovative evaluation methods and enhance student learning. Sarah has published numerous articles and books on assessment and learning. Her passion for promoting equity and fairness in the education system fuels her commitment to sharing insights and best practices with educators and policymakers around the world.
Since the introduction of the radio in the 1920s, till now, in the 2020s, at a time when social media has become the main channel for information, the broadcasting industry remains relevant to mass audiences.
Most still listen or watch broadcasting channels to catch the latest news, or be entertained. That is all thanks to the people behind the shows of the broadcasting industry, whether that be a radio talk show, or a TV newscast, as they continue to stretch their creativity to pique the interest of the public.
For an industry that continuously evolves with, and adjusts to, the fast-changing development of technology and demands of audiences, broadcasting remains a good career path. Anyone who wishes to be part of the industry is assured to be pushed to be at their best, and not have a boring day at work.
What Are the Best Broadcasting Jobs?
Television Host/Anchor
Television hosts or anchors have similar jobs. The main difference would be the topic discussed on their respective shows. A television host would present performances, and people of importance in the entertainment industry. They usually hold interviews with artists, actors, and other people of influence. These interviews are also televised on TV, or streamed online.
A television anchor meanwhile, would mostly be a title for a presenter of news. News shows, whether may be televised in the mornings or evenings, would have main hosts that would introduce the news for the day. They may also do interviews, but they mostly summarize the reports of reporters on the ground.
To be either of the two, one would usually need a bachelor’s degree, preferably in broadcast journalism, or mass communications. Either would equip one with strong communication skills that could come in handy whether one ends up as a TV host or a news anchor.
Others who may not have a background in broadcasting but still want to be a host could apply for workshops instead. Some broadcasting stations or news organizations hold workshops for a fee. These could provide anyone who may not have had previous exposure to the industry a quick training that can help one to apply for a broadcast hosting job.
A television host or anchor, especially those who do it for news, may apply for fellowships or training to improve their skill set at different points in their career. This could potentially allow them to get better at their jobs, and in turn, have a chance to upgrade their pay grade.
Radio Host/DJ
A radio host or DJ would be the voice behind the show for radio. They present news or any topics that may be of interest to their listeners. A radio news show host may have commentaries on the latest news, and may even conduct interviews on air. Meanwhile, a radio DJ would be introducing the latest songs from some of the world’s biggest singers. Some radio DJs also conduct interviews with the singers and songwriters behind the songs they play.
A bachelor’s degree in journalism or broadcast journalism is usually needed to get a job as a radio host. An internship in any radio broadcasting station could also be helpful, as this could provide an aspiring radio host the experience and the network to start his or her career.
News Reporter/Journalist
A news reporter or journalist keeps the public informed of events and information that could be noteworthy or helpful to the public. There are many ways a news reporter could do this. A reporter who works in the broadcasting industry would be the one who goes out of the field to gather facts, interviews, and other relevant and necessary information, so he or she may present a report to the public.
To be a reporter, one must usually have a bachelor’s degree, preferably in Journalism or Broadcast Journalism. The former would provide one with the skillset to write news and develop his or her nose for news. The latter would provide training to be prepared to report the news in front of the camera.
News reporters may apply for fellowships or additional training in the course of their careers to upgrade their skill set. This training could allow them to take their careers to further heights, and in turn, have a chance for higher pay.
Sports Broadcaster
A sports broadcaster may be one of the most important jobs in sports, and yet they are not even usually athletes. The sports broadcaster is in charge of presenting sports-related news and events on TV or in new media, like a podcast. They can also provide commentaries and hold interviews that could be televised and streamed either on TV or online.
A bachelor’s degree is the minimum requirement to be one, but a person who has a degree in journalism or broadcast journalism would be preferred. This way, the applicant has a basic understanding of how to present sports news to audiences. Still, a degree in sports management could not hurt. This would present you to be deeply interested in sports. The other experience you would then need would be training in communications.
With that said, sports broadcasters may also continuously apply for training or seminars to hone their craft. Such sessions could also allow them to have a better understanding of a particular sport.
Broadcast Technician
A broadcast technician would be in charge of the equipment used to handle audio and video materials for radio or television programs. These pieces of equipment are the ones used to edit and transmit multimedia that would later be televised or aired for mass consumption. They would closely work with broadcast radio or TV producers as they are in charge of what equipment would be required for a radio or TV production.
The minimum requirement for a broadcast technician is a high school diploma as the task, while technical, could be learned with more experience on the job. It also requires long hours, and a bit of brunt labor as they may also be in charge of handling and transporting equipment.
Some employers would also demand their technicians to have a driver’s license so they may also transport equipment from one location to another.
Why Choose Broadcasting as a Career?
Truly, despite the changing appetite of audiences for entertainment and information, a job in broadcasting could still be exciting.
What Are the Opportunities in Broadcasting?
The Bureau of Labor Statistics (BLS) in the US says job openings for news reporters, analysts, and TV and DJ announcers are expected to increase by 4,000 and 3,500 respectively in the next decade.
Innovative broadcasting companies also have a chance to grow and expand when they keep up with the preferences of young audiences through the production of content made for online consumption. Those in broadcasting would then have plenty of skills they can use for such channels.
How Much Do You Get Paid?
Latest data from the BLS show the median annual wage for news analysts, reporters, and journalists is $48,370. Those who are just beginning their careers have an annual median wage of less than $29,210, while those who may be more tenured have an annual pay of $120,590. These same wages may be expected for sports announcers. But those who may have already earned a following in the industry could definitely earn millions.
The BLS did not have a definite annual wage for broadcast announcers and radio DJs as they usually work as freelancers. They do, however, have an estimate of their hourly wage, and that is $18.09 based on the latest data. Those who may have only started could expect almost half of that at $10.99, while the highest paid could expect as much as $49.56. Those who may be more popular to audiences, however, could definitely earn leaps and bounds more.
As for broadcast technicians, their annual median wage is $ 84,860, but those who have only begun their careers can only expect more than a quarter of that, $29, 450. Those who may be more experienced already, however, could expect as much as $128,960.
What Is the Future of Broadcasting?
While it cannot be denied that the industry could potentially face a downsizing, especially as traditional broadcasters face stiff competition to attract advertisers, the industry remains relevant for the foreseeable future. There could still be space for a few in the industry.
After all, broadcasters continue to innovate their offerings to entertain and engage their audiences either by expanding their content for online consumption or by innovating the formats of their shows.
However, those who may see themselves retrenched need not worry about finding a job in a different industry, as a background in communication has proven helpful even in a corporate setting.
Broadcasting Remains on Air
While social media is the first choice of many to access information, the broadcasting industry continues to innovate and reinvent itself to remain relevant to mass audiences. Those who have the itch to be constantly pushed and pressed to deliver information and entertainment for the public could surely have a place in the broadcasting industry.
Sarah is an accomplished educator, researcher and author in the field of testing and assessment. She has worked with various educational institutions and organisations to develop innovative evaluation methods and enhance student learning. Sarah has published numerous articles and books on assessment and learning. Her passion for promoting equity and fairness in the education system fuels her commitment to sharing insights and best practices with educators and policymakers around the world.
Nowadays, digital media are booming, and radio and television continue to be mainstays in the media industry, finding more ways to keep up with their newer peers. This is why broadcasting and communications equipment are still in demand worldwide. If you are interested in learning how to operate them, you have plenty of career options to choose from. Here are some of the top jobs you might not know about:
What Are the Best Jobs in Broadcasting and Communications Equipment?
Broadcast Engineer
Broadcast engineers are vital to the radio and television industries, and even new media. They’re in charge of keeping scheduled broadcasts running, setting up live broadcasts in the field or studio, maintaining and updating broadcasting hardware and software, and addressing broadcasting problems on and off the air.
Radio frequency engineers design, develop, and maintain devices that operate using radio waves. Their daily tasks include working with other media engineers to make or improve technology for wireless devices. To get a job as a radio frequency engineer, you will need a bachelor’s degree in electrical engineering, computer engineering, or computer science. There are also several certifications that you can obtain to get an edge in this field:
Certified RF engineer
Certified Wireless Network Professional
Certified Wireless Technology Specialist
Certified Wireless Analysis Professional
Certified Radio Frequency Professional
Certified Radio Frequency Technician
Audio Engineer
Audio engineers handle the technological aspects of manipulating, recording, and reproducing audio. This includes applying electronic, digital, acoustic, and electrical principles for the smooth and quality production of music, voices, and sounds. These go beyond radio and television and are useful even for other types of media like film, live theater, and streaming. To find a job as an audio engineer, you would need at least a bachelor’s degree in audio engineering, music production and engineering, and sound design. Earning a certificate or taking a specialization course related to these may also be an option.
Video Engineer
As part of the technical team, video engineers are in charge of ensuring that all video recording equipment operates well and captures high-quality video and sound. Like audio engineers, video engineers are also highly in demand in film, art productions, theaters, and universities. As videography experts, video engineers also often work with directors, lighting designers, and other people who work in video and sound production. If you’re interested in a career as a video engineer, you will need a bachelor’s degree in electrical engineering, photography, communication, electrical engineering technology, audiovisual systems engineering, or sound and image engineering. There are also certifications that can give you an advantage when applying for jobs as a video engineer:
Certified Video Engineer
Certified Video Production Technician
Certified Video System Designer
Adobe Certified Expert in Premiere Pro
Apple Certified Pro – Final Cut Pro X
Avid Certified User in Media Composer
Communications Technician
Communications technicians have a wide range of expertise. They take care of maintaining and repairing telecommunications equipment for phones, radio, and the internet. Communications technicians’ daily tasks typically include doing routine inspections of telecommunications equipment, troubleshooting them, and replacing faulty components. Because of their wide range of expertise, communications technicians can find jobs not just in radio and TV, but also in recording studios, cell phone companies, and telecommunications companies.
To get this job, you would need a bachelor’s degree in telecommunications, computer technology, electronics, or any similar field. There are also certifications that you can explore:
Telecommunications Technician Certification
Certified Telecommunications Network Specialist
Cisco Certified Network Associate
CompTIA Network+ Certification
Certified Wireless Network Professional
Certified Fiber Optic Technician
Why Choose Radio and Television Broadcasting and Communications Equipment as a Career?
Radio and television broadcasting and communications offer a lot of opportunities for people seeking engineering or technology-related jobs, and it’s an ever-evolving field that is versatile and can be applicable to almost any kind of media. Building your expertise in this field will not go to waste, because it evolves along with new technological trends and consumer demands. Still undecided? Here are some things that can help you get a better idea.
What Are the Opportunities in Radio and Television Broadcasting and Communications Equipment?
There are several factors that indicate that careers in radio and television broadcasting will continue to grow and remain strong.
Technology Advancements: As technology evolves, the need for skilled professionals who can navigate and manage cutting-edge equipment continues to grow. So, engineers and technicians, as long as they can keep up with new trends in broadcasting and communications equipment, will continue to be top performers in this field.
Global Connectivity: The need for more interconnectedness around the globe drives the demand for professionals who can maintain and expand communication networks. This means that companies will continue to invest in broadcasting and communications equipment.
Content Creation: Nowadays, there is a constant stream of content from various media platforms, creating opportunities not just for media practitioners but also for content creators and independent journalists. Therefore, more and more people will require technical expertise in broadcasting and communications equipment.
Emerging Technologies: New technologies like 5G, satellite internet, augmented reality, and AI offer exciting opportunities for those in the communications equipment field. Investing time and resources in learning about new trends will help you keep up with these latest technological advancements.
Media Consumption: Despite the rise of digital media, radio and television continue to be among the top sources of information and entertainment across the globe, and this ensures that there is a continuing need for professionals in this field.
How Much Do You Get Paid?
Much like other jobs, the compensation in this field is influenced by various factors such as experience, location, education, the size of the company, and the specific role. Here are the average salaries per role:
Broadcast Engineers
Starting salary: $45,000 to $55,000
Late career salary: $70,000 to $100,000
Radio Frequency Engineers
Starting salary: $60,000 to $80,000
Late career salary: $100,000 to $150,000
Audio Engineers
Starting salary: $40,000 to $60,000
Late career salary: $80,000 to $120,000
Video Engineers
Starting salary: $50,000 to $70,000
Late career salary: $80,000 to $130,000
Communications Technicians
Starting salary: $35,000 to $50,000
Late career salary: $50,000 to $70,000
In getting your desired salary range, keep in mind that years of experience, educational attainment and certifications, specializations, and industry demand are some of the factors that can dictate the salary that you will be offered.
What Is the Future of Radio and Television Broadcasting and Communications Equipment?
Along with technological advancements, the growth of streaming and digital media, and the constant and rapid evolution of ICT equipment, the field of radio and television broadcasting and communications continues to expand. There are numerous possibilities for technicians and engineers in this field, especially since they are in charge of working on next-generation technologies and adopting these into existing systems and content. As new technologies emerge, specialists are needed to integrate, troubleshoot, and maintain them.
To ensure job security, consider pursuing relevant degrees and certifications on the latest technologies, building a professional network by attending industry conferences and events, keeping yourself informed about industry developments through publications, websites, and news sources, and specializing in niche areas such as 5G technology, satellite communication, or cybersecurity.
Are you ready to pursue jobs in this field?
Whether you’re a seasoned professional or just starting your career, radio and television broadcasting and communications offer a promising future for those willing to embrace change and innovation. With the right skills and mindset, you will surely succeed in whatever job you take on in this field.
Sarah is an accomplished educator, researcher and author in the field of testing and assessment. She has worked with various educational institutions and organisations to develop innovative evaluation methods and enhance student learning. Sarah has published numerous articles and books on assessment and learning. Her passion for promoting equity and fairness in the education system fuels her commitment to sharing insights and best practices with educators and policymakers around the world.
In the realm of professional growth and advancement, the journey toward leadership promotion is a pivotal moment for those who qualify. In the field of law enforcement, those who qualify for promotion from Sergeant to Lieutenant means the recognition of achieved leadership competencies and readiness to handle heightened leadership responsibilities. The NYPD Lieutenant Exam serves as the crucible for defining the next set of leaders. It is used to uncover aptitudes and upskilling opportunities so the department can become more strategic in its service operations.
This article then aims to present essential details about the NYPD Lieutenant Exam so eligible examinees can take further steps in their preparation. Similar to the NYPD Sergeant Exam, this exam is also timed but with more challenging questions that test the examinees’ ability to supervise and develop personnel, innovate and enforce new operational strategies, and build and maintain community partnerships.
NYPD Lieutenant Exam Overview
Lieutenants are the managers in police departments. They are also considered as the right hand of the Captain. As managers who have been trained in applying management skills given their sergeant duties, they are expected to possess a more sophisticated understanding of how planning, organizing, leading, and controlling affect the department’s operations in terms of its law enforcement duties and personnel stewardship. The NYPD Lieutenant Exam allows the department to determine who among the qualifiers has the necessary knowledge, skills, and experience to perform those expected roles. Like the sergeant exam, the NYPD Lieutenant Exam is a means for the department to sustain its implementation of high standards of excellence.
What does the test measure?
The NYPD Lieutenant Exam measures both the cognitive and affective competencies of those who are already promoted to the first-line leadership role. These competencies are crucial for demonstrating readiness to take on more demanding responsibilities as a police leader. The exam assesses proficiency in key Lieutenant tasks, including:
1. Strategic law enforcement
Adjusting goals if and when appropriate or when faced with obstacles
Responding to changes in a composed and constructive manner
Adapting to new approaches as needed in a situation
Developing constructive solutions to resolve conflicts or grievances
Enhancing technical knowledge and staying updated on trends in law enforcement
2. Innovative departmental operations
Assessing the performance of oneself and other individuals, most especially direct reports
Managing own time and the time of others to promote efficient and effective use of work hours
Accepting criticism and dealing effectively with high-stress situations
Influencing others to modify their opinions or perspectives
Using appropriate communication techniques to relay information and ideas to a target audience
Developing mutual trust and cooperation toward achieving a common goal
3. Responsible personnel management
Establishing a method of execution to accomplish specific goals over a period of time
Managing material and personnel resources
Actively listening to foster an atmosphere of cooperation and collaboration among members
Acting in a manner that considers others’ needs, perspectives, and emotions
Identifying the developmental needs of members for each area of police work
What is the test format and time limit?
The questions are multiple-choice, most scenario-based format, and should be taken at a computer terminal. You will need to achieve at least 70% correct answers to pass.
Upon entry to the test site, examinees are allowed to finish the exam until 12 midnight Eastern time.
Who Is eligible to apply for the NYPD Lieutenant Exam?
The NYPD Lieutenant Exam is open to employees of the department given that on the first date of the test, the employee holds a permanent competitive appointment or appears on the Preferred List for the title of Sergeant Police. Similar to Sergeant rank promotion, passing the exam is only one of the requirements to become a Lieutenant. Only those Sergeants with at least two (2) years of service in New York City Police, Transit Police, or Housing Authority Police Departments will be considered. Additional points are given to those who have gained Seniority and Department Awards or Veterans’ Preference Credit. Take note that points for these merits will only be added to the scores of the exam passers. If the applicant has a period of a break in service, additional points from the merits will not be added.
Moreover, the following are required:
Gained at least 96 college semester credits or the equivalent as shown in the official transcript of a college or university recognized by the US Secretary of Education and the Council for Higher Education Accreditation (or in cases of foreign college, the credits must be approved by the Foreign Education Evaluation Service)
Each college credit must have earned a ‘satisfactory’ completion grade
Passed the drug test that may be required prior to promotion or after promotion within the probationary period
Owns a valid New York State driver’s license with no restrictions
Agrees to present all relevant and official documents for investigation
How to register and apply for a NYPD Lieutenant Exam permit?
The application for the NYPD Lieutenant Exam is via the Online Application System (OASys). Instructions for electronic submissions and payment will be shown onscreen. A valid email address is required for this online application. Former exam takers who have a registered email via the OASys will no longer be required to verify their email address. Only those new to the OASys will be required to verify their email via the confirmation notice they will receive.
Take note that any account creation issues in OASys take two (2) business days to be resolved, so applicants must consider this during the application period deadline.
Acceptable payment methods include the use of all major credit cards, bank cards linked to a bank account, or prepaid debit cards bearing a credit card logo. Examination fees may be waived for those receiving or providing certain forms of public assistance or public welfare programs. Updated fee waiver application forms and requirements may be viewed via the OASys.
Upon successful submission and payment, the Admission Notice will be shown on the applicant’s OASys Dashboard.
How is the NYPD Lieutenant Exam administered?
The NYPD Lieutenant Exam is also taken at a designated computer terminal and administered by the Department of Citywide Administrative Services or DCAS.
Given the competitive nature of the exam, electronic devices are prohibited to be used inside the test site. These devices include but are not limited to, mobile phones, smart watches, recording devices, and the like. Simple calculators that can do basic operations such as addition, subtraction, multiplication, and division are allowed but must be presented for inspection upon entry.
Remember to finish the test before the exit fingerprinting process; otherwise, the test score will be nullified and the application fee will not be refunded.
A valid ID with a signature and photo is also required to enter the test site.
What Types of Questions Are Asked?
The NYPD Lieutenant Exam gauges your ability to navigate complex situations and lead strategically ensuring that you are prepared for the multifaceted responsibilities of a lieutenant. Thus, the multiple-choice exam covers the following topics based on DCAS published guidelines:
1. Lieutenant Tasks
Assignment of personnel
Monitoring and evaluating direct reports
Monitoring and reviewing local area conditions and resources
Doing direct arrest and detention procedures
Doing field investigations in response to complaints, incidents, or emergencies
Ensuring prevention, identification, and investigation of alleged personnel misconduct
Safeguarding evidence and other police property
Cooperating with community groups and other agencies
Making formal and informative communication required to inform the community of updates and regulations
Preparing logs and reports
Planning and administering programs and procedures
2. General Reference Knowledge
Written narrative reports
Response situations
Patrol supervision
Special patrol operations
Disciplinary matters
Personnel matters
How to Prepare for the NYPD Lieutenant Exam
Success in the NYPD Lieutenant Exam comes from preparation and practice under realistic conditions. The list of topics as observed reflects the need to completely master what it means to manage a whole police department. Use the following tips to create an effective study plan that aligns with your strengths:
Review Key References.
Familiarize yourself with essential study materials and official resources recommended for the exam. Pay close attention to relevant policies, procedures, and laws that pertain to the role of a lieutenant within the NYPD.
Interview Former Test Takers.
Gain valuable insights from those who have successfully passed the exam. Their experiences can provide unique perspectives on the exam format, content, and strategies that proved effective for them.
Take Practice Tests Online.
Utilize online platforms that offer practice tests tailored to the NYPD Lieutenant Exam. These mock exams simulate the actual test environment, helping one to get accustomed to the format, time constraints, and question types.
Create Your Own Questions.
Crafting one’s own exam-style questions can deepen understanding of the material. Formulating questions helps identify key concepts and areas that need more review and attention. This approach also reinforces one’s ability to think critically about the content.
Stick to a Schedule of Review and Practice.
Develop a structured study plan that allocates time for reviewing different subjects and taking practice tests. Consistency is key. Regular and focused study sessions will help in the effective retention of information in the long-term memory and tracking of one’s progress.
Practice with Colleagues.
Collaborate with colleagues who are also preparing for the exam. Engaging in group discussions, study sessions, and mock scenarios can enhance one’s understanding and encourage knowledge sharing. Different perspectives can illuminate aspects one might have missed.
Join a Forum.
Participate in online forums or communities dedicated to NYPD exams. Engaging in discussions with other candidates can provide valuable insights, study tips, and answers to any questions one may have. Exchange strategies and resources with individuals having the same goals and challenges for the exam.
Proving Your Worthiness and Readiness for Lieutenantship
The NYPD Lieutenant Exam functions as a discerning instrument to ensure that only those who have attained a certain level of leadership maturity to shoulder more intricate leadership responsibilities make the Preferred List. Holistic and strategic preparation for this exam shows how eligible police officers value the department’s role in shaping the future vanguard of leaders. The essential information and strategies shared in this article aim to support exam qualifiers’ ardency and dedication to uphold the NYPD’s high level of standards and excellence.
Sarah is an accomplished educator, researcher and author in the field of testing and assessment. She has worked with various educational institutions and organisations to develop innovative evaluation methods and enhance student learning. Sarah has published numerous articles and books on assessment and learning. Her passion for promoting equity and fairness in the education system fuels her commitment to sharing insights and best practices with educators and policymakers around the world.
In a recent poll by analytics and advisory company Gallup, nurses were rated as the most trusted professionals among Americans, even more than doctors. This is because of the relationships that they form with patients and their loved ones as they carry out treatment and care plans. Being a nurse entails a specific touch and care that those in need are looking for, making it a great career path for those who feel the passion to serve people.
While the job can be demanding, the profession remains a very fulfilling career for many. Due to the growing needs of populations in the US and all over the world, medical and nursing services continue to grow in demand, making it also a financially fulfilling career path.
After becoming a licensed or registered nurse, advanced practice specializations provide better opportunities, both professionally and financially. The nursing services field encompasses a broad spectrum of healthcare and medical assistance delivered by licensed nurses to patients of varying needs.
What are the Best Medical/Nursing Services Jobs?
The significance of nursing services lies in their role in upholding patient well-being, ensuring comfort, and providing high-quality healthcare. The basic requirement for most of these positions is a registered nurse (RN) license, depending on the state where you aim to practice. The main responsibility of a nurse is to: “provide and coordinate patient care, educate patients about various health conditions, and provide advice and emotional support to patients and their families.”
To be an RN, one must undergo an approved nursing program, finish an associate degree in nursing, or get a degree in Bachelor of Science in Nursing (BSN), to pursue licensure. After getting experience, RNs can start looking into specialty practices. Here are some of the best medical or nursing services jobs in the market:
Nurse Practitioner
To begin, nurse practitioners (NPs) are nurses who have the authority to diagnose and treat certain medical conditions, prescribe medications, and provide a range of healthcare services to patients of all ages, without the direct supervision of a doctor. They are licensed and advanced practice registered nurses (APRNs) who have obtained the required additional education and clinical training as dictated by state laws.
The American Academy of Nurse Practitioners provides various certifications for those who want to pursue an NP career, which can vary from the Family NP and Adult-Gerontology NP to the Emergency NP certification programs. These certifications are all accredited by the Accreditation Board of Specialty Nursing Certification (ABSNC), which is the only accrediting body specifically for nursing certification.
Certified Registered Nurse Anesthetist
A Certified Registered Nurse Anesthetist (CRNA) is another option for an advanced practice career path for registered nurses. CRNAs are trained and licensed to administer anesthesia, monitor patients’ vital signs, manage pain, and ensure patient safety during surgical or medical interventions. Their difference from anesthesiologists is almost the same as NPs and medical doctors: one is a licensed nurse, and the other is a licensed doctor.
CRNAs are required to have master’s degrees or doctoral degrees in advanced anesthesia. They can work in various settings, such as postanesthesia recovery rooms (PACU), emergency rooms (ERs), outpatient surgery centers, and labor and delivery units. Becoming a CRNA requires passing the board for National Certification Examination for Nurse Anesthetists.
Certified Nurse Midwife
A Certified Nurse Midwife (CNM), on the other hand, specializes in providing healthcare services to women. They are trained to provide services that promote healthy pregnancies, safe childbirth experiences, and comprehensive women’s health care. They are licensed to assist with natural childbirth, offer medical interventions if needed, and provide gynecological exams, family planning services, and prenatal care.
CNMs or Certified Midwives (CMS) take graduate-level midwifery programs that are accredited by the Accreditation Commission for Midwifery Education (ACME). They must also pass a national certification examination administered by the American Midwifery Certification Board (AMCB). They can work in clinics, birthing centers, health departments, or practice privately.
Nurse Manager
On the administrative side, RNs can take on higher and supervisorial roles by becoming nurse managers. After years of relevant experience, nurse managers are assigned to ensure the tracking of nurses in a department, ward, or clinic, which includes scheduling of the nurses, training of new hires, and development and education with regard to new technologies or equipment. They also represent nurses’ needs and welfare in administrative meetings.
Nurse managers are preferred to have extensive nursing experience, along with a Master of Science in Nursing (MSN). Certifications, which may be required depending on the state or the hospital, include the American Organization for Nursing Leadership’s (AONL) Certified Nurse Manager and Leader (CNML). Nurse managers are critical in maintaining the efficiency of hospitals, nursing homes, psychiatric institutions, and clinics.
Pediatric Nurse
Certified Pediatric Nurses (CPN) specialize in providing services to children from birth to adolescence. This field requires special training and education, as these formative years are critical to the overall health of a human being. They must also have a different approach to their patients, as these are children who may be scared, angry, or have difficulty conveying their pains or emotions.
To become a CPN, one must pass the Pediatric Nursing Certification Board’s (PNCB) CPN exam. The certification must be renewed annually by finishing fifteen (15) contact hours or PNCB-accepted equivalents. Pediatric nurses are in demand in children’s hospitals, clinics, maternity and children’s wards, and public organizations. They can also practice privately.
Why Choose Medical/Nursing Services as a Career?
Every state or country needs nurses. It is a stable career option that also allows for flexibility and lifelong learning. Specializing in specific nursing services not only shows one’s expertise in a certain area, but also helps further one’s career. While it takes years of education, training, and experience, it also helps guarantee better compensation. These advanced practice careers for RNs make them more in demand with specialty institutions.
What are the Opportunities in Medical/Nursing Services?
Opportunities in the medical/nursing services industry continue to grow, as projected by the United States Bureau of Labor Statistics. Moreover, RNs make up the largest occupation in hospitals as of 2019, with over 1.8 million jobs, which is around 30% of total hospital employment. This only shows how much the healthcare industry needs nurses.
How Much Do You Get Paid?
Salary expectations begin with the median annual wage for registered nurses, which is around $77,600 as of 2021. Salary range is from $59,450 up to $120,250, depending on their experience, state, and the institution they are working for.
Nurse practitioners, due to their advanced and specialized nursing skills, can expect a higher annual average salary. Nurse anesthetists, nurse midwives, and nurse practitioners can expect an annual average salary of $123,780 as of 2021, with a base salary of $79,870. This can go up as high as $200,540, depending on the demand and specialty.
On the administrative side, nurse managers can expect an average salary of $58,470 annually, and can go as high as $87,591. Other related professions, such as licensed practical and licensed vocational nurses earn an average of $48,070 annually.
What is the Future of Medical/Nursing Services Professionals
In the United States, employment for RNs is expected to grow 6% from 2021 to 2031. RNs can also expect more than 200,000 openings to open up for these positions each year over the next decade. This is because of the increasing number of older people in the population. For those specializing in home care, more people, especially older ones, prefer to be treated at home or in residential care facilities. Many families also prefer home births.
Nurse practitioners are projected to have the fastest rate of employment growth of 28% in the next ten years. Being a nurse is also among the fastest-growing occupations in the economy. This means that RNs or aspiring RNs should look into these advanced practices should they aim for better compensation and accreditations.
Advanced Career Growth
Registered nurses have many opportunities for career growth within the medical or nursing services field. The paths for advanced practice registered nurses lead to better compensation, specialized training, and varying levels of demand.
Advanced nursing professions, such as nurse practitioners, anesthetists, midwives, managers, and pediatric nurses all require passing different board exams and programs. Continued education is also very important for accrediting or certifying bodies. As our population grows, the demand for nurses also grows. A stable demand is waiting for those willing to go the extra mile for their career growth.
Sarah is an accomplished educator, researcher and author in the field of testing and assessment. She has worked with various educational institutions and organisations to develop innovative evaluation methods and enhance student learning. Sarah has published numerous articles and books on assessment and learning. Her passion for promoting equity and fairness in the education system fuels her commitment to sharing insights and best practices with educators and policymakers around the world.
Many companies and businesses utilize diversified commercial services for smoother and more efficient operations. Diversified commercial services include various disciplines such as consulting, outsourcing, and facilities management. It encompasses a wide range of industries and roles, from logistics and supply chain management to procurement and facilities management. This sector offers a lot of opportunities for people with diverse skill sets and ambitious career goals. Here are some of the top jobs in this field.
What Are the Best Diversified Commercial Services Jobs
Project Manager
As a project manager in the field of diversified commercial services, you will lead the planning, execution, and management of projects across various industries and sectors. Your responsibilities will require a combination of leadership and organizational as well as technical skills and you will focus on ensuring the successful completion of projects for diverse clients. Among your roles are project planning, team management, budget management, risk management, and quality control.
Specific educational requirements may vary depending on the company that you choose to apply for, but a bachelor’s degree in a relevant field such as business administration, project management, engineering, or a related discipline is often preferred. There are also certifications available that may help you secure this job:
Project Management Professional
Certified Scrum Master
Certified Project Management Practitioner
Corporate Lawyer
Corporate lawyers in diversified commercial services provide support through legal counsel and guidance on industry-specific laws and policies. They ensure that their clients or employers comply with applicable laws and regulations while being in charge of navigating complex legal issues that arise in everyday operations. Corporate lawyers also represent their employers during mergers, acquisitions, or government hearings. Aside from these, they are responsible for contract negotiation and drafting, regulatory compliance, and intellectual property protection, among other things.
To become a corporate lawyer, you typically need a Juris Doctor degree from an accredited law school. You must also pass the bar exam in the country or state where you intend to start your career, and you must be licensed to practice law. Experience at law firms, government agencies, or corporate legal departments will also be helpful, aside from specializing in areas relevant to commercial services.
Some corporate lawyers may also choose to obtain certifications in areas such as Certified Information Systems Security Professional or Certified Fraud Examiner, depending on the specific industry.
Business Consultant
Business consultants are companies’ go-to advisers for diversified commercial services, because they offer helpful insights and recommendations on the best route that companies can take. They provide expert advice and solutions to enhance efficiency, optimize operations, and drive growth. Focused on the bigger picture, business consultants are in charge of providing strategic guidance to address overall business challenges. Their responsibilities include process improvement, market research, change management, risk assessment, and financial analysis.
Depending on the industry or field they wish to specialize in, experience requirements may vary, but most business consultants hold at least a bachelor’s degree in business, finance, management, or economics. Some also choose to pursue advanced degrees such as a Master of Business Administration. There are also certifications that they can look at:
Certified Management Consultant
Project Management Professional
Certified Business Consultant
Finance Analyst
Overall, finance analysts ensure that a company’s money is invested properly. Focused on helping companies make smart financial decisions and grab great investment opportunities, finance analysts prioritize managing financial resources, optimizing budgets, and ensuring fiscal responsibility. Their tasks include budgeting and forecasting, cost and investment analysis, and compliance and audit support.
To get a job as a finance analyst, you will need at least a bachelor’s degree in finance, economics, accounting, or business administration. A master’s degree, such as a Master of Business Administration or a Master of Finance, can also be advantageous. Some relevant certifications are also applicable:
Chartered Financial Analyst
Certified Public Accountant
Financial Risk Manager
Certified Management Accountant
Marketing Manager
For industries like diversified commercial services, it’s important for companies to stand out among competitors and to be able to communicate to potential clients or customers about their services and unique capabilities. This is where a marketing manager comes in, because they are in charge of making creative campaigns and publicizing a company’s services. They are also focused on enhancing a company’s brand image and driving growth through marketing and promotion. Marketing managers manage teams, analyze market trends, and create effective campaigns that reach target customers.
To become a marketing manager, you will need at least a bachelor’s degree in marketing, mass communication, or business administration. You may also pursue advanced degrees such as a Master of Business Administration with a marketing focus. Aside from building your experience as a marketing manager, you can also get certifications relevant to this job, such as:
Professional Certified Marketer
Digital Marketing Certification
HubSpot Inbound Marketing Certification
Why You Should Get a Job in Diversified Commercial Services
The field of diversified commercial services offers a wealth of options for those seeking opportunities for career growth in a wide range of industries. Here are some more helpful information on career opportunities, possible compensation for each job, and industry outlook.
Opportunities
Diversified commercial services cover a multitude of industries, from finance and marketing to logistics, consulting, and technology. This means that people have many options when developing their expertise or niche in this field. Offering consistent growth, diversified commercial services increasingly rely on professionals who can navigate and adapt to changing market conditions and industry trends.
Aside from this, companies that offer diversified commercial services cater to clients and organizations across all industries. Companies in this field also integrate technology and data-driven approaches, adapting to the latest trends and opening up new career avenues in areas like digital marketing, data analysis, and IT consulting.
Compensation
Similar to other fields, the compensation and salary for each of these top jobs can vary significantly based on experience, location, industry, and the size and services of a company. To provide an overview, here are some of the latest average pay for each role:
Project Manager
Average Salary Range: $70,000 to $130,000
Starting Salary: $50,000 to $80,000
Late Career: $90,000 to $150,000
Corporate Lawyer
Average Salary Range: $80,000 to $220,000
Starting Salary: $80,000 to $160,000
Late Career: $150,000 to $300,000
Business Consultant
Average Salary Range: $70,000 to $160,000
Starting Salary: $60,000 to $100,000
Late Career: $120,000 to $250,000
Finance Analyst
Average Salary Range: $60,000 to $120,000
Starting Salary: $50,000 to $80,000
Late Career: $90,000 to $150,000
Marketing Manager
Average Salary Range: $60,000 to $150,000
Starting Salary: $50,000 to $90,000
Late Career: $100,000 to $200,000
To learn more about the actual salary ranges offered in your location, you can take a look at the salaries offered on local job sites and reach out to other professionals in similar fields who may be willing to discuss compensation and salary ranges with you.
Outlook
Because this field covers nearly every aspect of the business world, it is unique in its capability to adapt and thrive amid a changing economic landscape and many economic challenges. Since it is not tied to a single industry, jobs in this field continue to be in demand, and its diversified nature acts as a buffer against economic downturns. Technological advancements have also provided opportunities for this sector’s exponential growth, from digital marketing and data analysis to finance and project management.
Changing consumer behaviors and preferences make innovative marketing strategies, product development, and customer service even more important for companies in the diversified commercial services sector. This ensures an endless need for professionals who are experts in helping businesses stay competitive.
Why Diversified Commercial Services May Be For You
Diversified commercial services is a sector that definitely offers opportunities and job security in many different industries, and it is ideal for people who do not want to be tied to a single industry, career path, or even location. Many professionals in this sector are able to find jobs worldwide because of their transferable skills and versatile expertise. Its constant demand for skilled professionals makes it an ideal choice for those seeking a stable and rewarding career.
Sarah is an accomplished educator, researcher and author in the field of testing and assessment. She has worked with various educational institutions and organisations to develop innovative evaluation methods and enhance student learning. Sarah has published numerous articles and books on assessment and learning. Her passion for promoting equity and fairness in the education system fuels her commitment to sharing insights and best practices with educators and policymakers around the world.
by Sarah Duncan
A career in quantitative trading can be challenging but very rewarding at the same time. Aside from the high earning potential and fast-paced environment some professionals seek, it also allows for learning opportunities and collaboration.
Take the SIG Online Practice Test to improve your score.
Quantitative trading firms such as the Susquehanna International Group (SIG) are known for their cutting-edge strategies and innovative approaches to trading. Their global operations and diverse products and services require professionals who are willing to do all the work and go beyond what is expected. In order to find the best job candidates, the firm’s employment process includes the SIG Online Test, an assessment that aims to challenge and bring out the best in all its applicants.
SIG Online Test: Overview
The Susquehanna International Group is a global quantitative trading firm known for its expertise in options trading, market making, and technology-driven trading strategies. They participate in the options and equities markets, cryptocurrency, commodities, energy, fixed income, and foreign exchange.
As part of its recruitment process, SIG provides a series of tests, both technical and psychometric, to help human resources teams assess applicants. These tests are typically provided by psychometric assessments developer Talent Q, which was acquired by Korn Ferry in 2014. Korn Ferry is another pre-employment psychometric test developer that aims to help prospective employers objectively measure job candidates’ compatibility with the position. Their tests evaluate a candidate’s cognitive abilities, personality traits, leadership potential, and other job-related skills.
There are three general topics for Talent Q or Korn Ferry Assessments: logical, verbal, and numerical. The number, variety, time limit, and difficulty of the tests for each job opening may vary depending on its roles and scope of responsibilities. You can check out our Korn Ferry Assessment Guide to get an idea of the time limits per category.
Becoming part of SIG can begin even one before finishing their bachelor’s degree or graduate degrees. SIG provides opportunities for graduating students with internships in its various branches and departments. However, those applying directly for a job will go through a general application process.
Take note that the time limit also depends on each test. Make sure to read all instructions carefully and refer to the human resources officer in charge of your communication to avoid any errors on the day of the assessment.
Those applying for quantitative analysis, trading, and technology positions are usually required to take the online assessment. Once you find a job opening you are interested in, you can sometimes find the flow of the application process in the description. An example application process for a Quantitative Researcher Program is as follows:
Apply
Maths Assessment
Recruiter Interview
Quant Interviews
Final On-site Interview
Offer
Here is another example, this time for aStatisticianposition:
Apply
Online Assessments
Recruiter Interview
Quant Interview
Final On-site Interview
Job Offer
SIG explicitly notes that it does not accept unsolicited resumes from recruiters or search firms. Furthermore, any resume or referral submitted in the absence of a signed agreement will become the property of SIG and no fee will be paid.
The process starts with applying on the website, where you will provide personal information and upload your resume. You will also have a choice to apply via LinkedIn. Once you fill out and submit all forms, your resume will be assessed. Those eligible will receive instructions on how to access the online assessment platform, which could be the Korn Ferry/Talent Q Testing Site. You will have to follow all instructions, including making an account and accomplishing the tests within a given timeline.
After the tests, you will notice that there are usually interviews. Should you get to this stage, it is important that you prepare for job interview questions that are related to your position, your personal and career goals, as well as the achievements and challenges you have faced. This stage is an important turning point as interviewers can include your potential team leader or supervisor, who will help assess your compatibility with the company.
Questions to Expect in the SIG Online Test
The SIG online assessment test is designed to assess candidates’ quantitative aptitude and critical thinking skills. The test may consist of a combination of multiple-choice questions, mathematical puzzles, logical reasoning problems, and data interpretation challenges. Here are some sample questions from the many assessments you may face during your online test:
Logical Test Sample Question #1:
Decipher the pattern and determine the missing symbol:
∆ ⌈ ∗ ∇ ⌊ ? ⌋
a. ⌉
b. ‡
c. ⊖
d. ⇆
In this question, the logical pattern is based on the arrangement of symbols above and below a line. If we look at the symbols’ positions in the series, we can see that they alternate between being above and below a line:
Above: ∆, ∗
Below: ⌈, ∇, ⌊
The missing symbol is represented by “?”, and we need to find a symbol that fits the pattern and should be positioned above the line. Among the given options, the symbol ⌉ is the only one that fits the pattern. It’s positioned above the line, just like the symbols ∆ and ∗ in the series. The answer is therefore a. ⌉.
Logical Test Sample Question #2:
A group of six friends—Alice, Bob, Carol, David, Emily, and Frank—are seated in a row of chairs facing forward. The following information is known about their seating arrangement:
1. Alice is not seated next to Bob or Emily.
2. Carol is seated exactly two places away from Frank.
3. David is seated to the immediate right of Emily.
4. Bob is seated to the immediate left of Emily.
Given these conditions, who is seated in the middle chair?
a. Alice
b. Bob
Carol
c. David
d. Emily
e. Frank
Let’s analyze these conditions step by step:
Condition 3 tells us that David is seated to the immediate right of Emily. Therefore, the seating arrangement could look like this:
_Emily – David – ? – ? – ? – ?_
Condition 4 states that Bob is seated to the immediate left of Emily. So, Bob must be to the left of Emily:
_Emily – David – Bob – ? – ? – ?_
Condition 2 says that Carol is seated exactly two places away from Frank. Since David is already seated to Emily’s right, and Bob is to Emily’s left, Carol must be seated two places away from Frank:
_Emily – David – Bob – ? – Carol – ?_
Condition 1 indicates that Alice is not seated next to Bob or Emily. Since Bob is already seated next to Emily, Alice must be seated next to David:
_Emily – David – Bob – Alice – Carol – ?_
With Carol being two places away from Frank, and we know that there are six seats in total, Frank must be the last person:
_Emily – David – Bob – Alice – Carol – Frank_
Therefore, the person seated in the middle chair is c. Carol.
In recent years, the popularity of electric vehicles (EVs) has grown significantly due to concerns about environmental impact and the depletion of fossil fuels. Many countries are offering incentives to encourage the adoption of EVs, such as tax credits and reduced registration fees. While the benefits of EVs are evident, there are still challenges to widespread adoption, including the limited availability of charging infrastructure and the higher upfront costs compared to traditional gasoline-powered vehicles.
Based on the passage, which assumption can be made about the challenges faced by electric vehicles?
a. Charging infrastructure is currently widespread and easily accessible.
b, Traditional gasoline-powered vehicles do not face any challenges.
c. Tax credits and reduced registration fees are the only incentives offered to promote EV adoption.
d. Higher upfront costs are a factor inhibiting the adoption of electric vehicles.
This question requires you to identify the assumption made in the passage regarding the challenges faced by electric vehicles. The passage mentions challenges such as the limited availability of charging infrastructure and the higher upfront costs of EVs. The assumption underlying these challenges is that higher upfront costs and limited charging infrastructure are indeed significant factors inhibiting the widespread adoption of electric vehicles.
With these said, the correct answer is d. Higher upfront costs are a factor inhibiting the adoption of electric vehicles, as it does not suggest that charging infrastructure is widespread (option a), it doesn’t make a claim about traditional gasoline-powered vehicles facing no challenges (option b), and it doesn’t mention that tax credits and registration fees are the only incentives (option c).
Numerical Test Sample Question #1:
Company X operates in three different regions: North America, Europe, and Asia. The table below provides data on the revenue generated by Company X in each region for the last fiscal year:
Region
Revenue (in millions)
North America
$650
Europe
$480
Asia
$320
Additionally, the company’s total expenses for the year were $800 million. Calculate the percentage of total expenses represented by the revenue from each region. Round your answers to the nearest tenth of a percent.
a. North America: 81.3%, Europe: 60.0%, Asia: 40.0%
b. North America: 40.8%, Europe: 30.0%, Asia: 20.0%
c. North America: 81.3%, Europe: 60.0%, Asia: 60.0%
d. North America: 40.8%, Europe: 30.0%, Asia: 30.0%
To solve this question, you need to calculate the percentage of total expenses represented by the revenue from each region. Here’s how you can do it:
Calculate the total revenue: $650 (North America) + $480 (Europe) + $320 (Asia) = $1,450 million.
Divide the revenue from each region by the total revenue and multiply by 100 to get the percentage.
North America: ($650 / $1,450) * 100 ≈ 44.8%
Europe: ($480 / $1,450) * 100 ≈ 33.1%
Asia: ($320 / $1,450) * 100 ≈ 22.1%
The answer is, therefore, b. North America: 40.8%, Europe: 30.0%, Asia: 20.0%
Numerical Test Sample Question #2:
Sarah is an experienced trader who manages an investment portfolio with a mix of stocks and bonds. The table below provides data on the current value of her portfolio and the percentage allocation to each asset class:
Asset Class
Current Value ($)
Allocation (%)
Stocks
$200,000
60%
Bonds
$130,000
40%
Over the last year, the value of stocks increased by 12%, while the value of bonds increased by 5%. Calculate the total value of Sarah’s portfolio after the one-year period, rounded to the nearest dollar.
a. $332,100
b. $370,700
c. $360,500
d. $343,000
To solve this question, you need to calculate the increased value of stocks and bonds and then calculate the total value of the portfolio after one year:
Calculate the increase in value for stocks: $200,000 * 12% = $24,000
Calculate the increase in value for bonds: $130,000 * 5% = $6,500
Add the increased value to the initial value to get the new values of stocks and bonds.
Calculate the total value of the portfolio by summing up the new values.
The new value of stocks is: $200,000 + $24,000 = $224,000
While the new value of bonds is: $130,000 + $6,500 = $136,500
Because the total value of the portfolio adds up to $360,500, the correct answer is therefore c.
In addition to this, you should also prepare for possible personality tests or assessments. But don’t fret, preparing for pre-employment assessments can be easier with prep packs. Head on over to our partners at JobTestPrep to get practice tests, study guides, and more!
Preparing for any pre-employment assessment takes time and effort. SIG looks for employees who are skilled in many different aspects. When preparing for the online tests, here are some tips you should follow to increase your chances of getting to the next level of the application process:
Brush up on your basics – expect questions that range from algebra, geometry, probability, and statistics. Review basic mathematical concepts and practice solving problems quickly. Once you master these, move on to more complex topics.
Don’t be afraid to ask – to better organize your review sessions, try to ask your human resources officer about the tests you will be taking. If they are able to specify which tests, then focus on those subjects. If they are unable to, then it is best to review all topics.
Check the time – since the time limit on each test may vary, it is best to use test prep packs that will give you an idea of the time allotted. Base the time of your practice sessions on this.
Prepare your device – if you are asked to take the online assessment at home, make sure to check your connection and device before taking the test. Prepare for a backup wifi and use the recommended device for the platform.
Read all instructions – quantitative researchers, traders, and statisticians are expected to be thorough, as one small mistake may bring the whole operation down. Read all instructions and make sure to follow them before, during, and after taking the test.
Breathe in, breathe out – traders work well under a lot of time pressure, and are expected to complete this assessment in the same way. Do not let panic take over you when taking the exam. Breathing exercises and affirmations before the test can help you focus all your energy on the test.
Take advantage of your resources – Talent Q provides tips and answers to frequently asked questions about their platforms. Take advantage of these to help you in your preparation
SIG Online Test Results
The results of the test will provide SIG with valuable insights into each candidate’s strengths and areas that might need improvement. Aim to pass in the top quartile of the assessment for a higher chance of landing an interview. You can follow up with the HR officer or manager or inquire about the timeline for the test results.
SIG values education more than anything. It is important that this reflects on your scores and interview answers. Those who become SIG traders participate in extensive training to hone their quantitative ability by improving their decision-making, game theory, and quantitative modeling skills.
Feel the Pressure, Experience the Rewards
The SIG online test is a crucial part of the Susquehanna International Group’s employment process. These tests gauge skills and personality, which bear heavy weight in their decision-making. The general subjects in these assessments include numerical, logical, verbal, and personality tests, which should be thoroughly prepared for.
The quantitative trading industry can be cutthroat, so it is understandable that the job application process is also strict and highly competitive. It is not enough to just pass the tests, you must also try to aim for a high score. This test is a preview of the challenging but exciting career path you may be taking on at SIG.
Sarah is an accomplished educator, researcher and author in the field of testing and assessment. She has worked with various educational institutions and organisations to develop innovative evaluation methods and enhance student learning. Sarah has published numerous articles and books on assessment and learning. Her passion for promoting equity and fairness in the education system fuels her commitment to sharing insights and best practices with educators and policymakers around the world.
Have you ever looked at your dentist’s set of tools while waiting for your appointment and wondered where they get these instruments? How about when getting an x-ray or CT scan? These instruments are products of the manufacturing industry, specifically the medical and dental instruments sector.
Medical institutions and dental offices rely on their tools to provide safe and efficient services to patients. These must, therefore, be made with precision and adherence to strict safety standards. Some of these medical tools include surgical instruments, imaging machines, endoscopic tools, and orthopedic instruments, while dental tools include dental x-ray equipment, orthodontic materials, and the regular hand tools we regularly encounter at the dentist’s chair. These medical and dental instruments are developed, produced, and distributed by various professionals within the field, and their importance makes it a good career path for those interested.
What are the Best Medical/Dental Instruments Jobs?
The medical/dental instrument business requires many professionals to ensure quality of the products. From design to production to quality control, to packaging, delivery, and sales services, there are many opportunities one can find within this field. Moreover, the continuous evolution of these instruments due to technology ensures more jobs in the future. Here are some of the best jobs in the medical/dental instruments field:
Biomedical Engineer
Biomedical engineers or bioengineers combine science and technology to create equipment, software, or other useful products. In the field of medical/dental instruments, they are behind new tools, machines, and software that allows healthcare professionals to provide better services to those in need. They work in research facilities to test and perfect these instruments before distributing them to customers.
Biomedical engineers need to complete a degree in bioengineering or biomedical engineering or in a related engineering field. Some roles or employers require higher degrees or levels of education. There are no specific licenses for this engineering, but one can take the Professional Engineer (PE) board exam, which other employers, especially in government, may require. Other requirements vary but competency in software or basic bioengineering tools is also tested by companies.
Sales Representative
Medical and dental sales representatives on the other hand are in charge of selling a manufacturing company’s products to hospitals, doctor’s offices, and other institutions. Much like pharmaceutical sales representatives, they go from one place to another and set up appointments to present their products and their benefits to hospital administrators or the doctors themselves. They can also sell to specific and accredited retailers.
Medical and dental sales representatives usually need a minimum of bachelor’s degree, preferably in communications, business, or biology. Those who have finished medical or dental courses opt to enter this field of work. Advanced education or certifications, such as the Certified Sales Professional (CSP) from the Manufacturers’ Representatives Educational Research Foundation can help prove to potential employers about one’s skills and dedication.
Dental Laboratory Technician
A dental laboratory technician’s main role is to construct and repair full or partial dentures or dental appliances. They make sure that dentures are of the right fit, material, and quality, as well as ensure the safety of the dental machinery. This is a different position from Dental Assistants, as they focus more on the tools in the office.
Along with ophthalmic technicians, dental technicians typically need a minimum of a high school diploma or GED, after which they typically receive on-the-job training to attain competency. However, one can become a Certified Dental Technician (CDT) through the National Board for Certification in Dental Laboratory Technology, which provides dental technicians with the advantage of higher salaries, advancement, and job satisfaction. Becoming a CDT requires passing three examinations, taken in any order, within a four-year period: a written Comprehensive Exam, a written Specialty Exam, and a hands-on Practical Exam in the same specialty.
Medical Equipment Repair Technician
Medical equipment, especially those that are used every day, must be constantly maintained and repaired by professional technicians. These people are in charge of the upkeep and repair of patient care equipment. Some hospitals have an in-house or employed technician, while others have technicians on-call when the machines malfunction. Many manufacturers also have their own technicians that they send out to clients as part of the warranty or the after-sales services.
A minimum of an associate’s degree from a technical college is usually required to become a repair technician. This will be followed by on-the-job training to focus on specific machines or tools that one needs to learn how to repair. There are also various biomedical equipment training or certifications one can take, such as this course from the Delft University of Technology.
Quality Assurance Specialist
To avoid these dreaded calls or complaints from customers altogether, manufacturers do their best to make sure all products are of the best quality and adhere to all safety standards as set by the state through quality assurance specialists or quality control inspectors. These specialists examine products and materials for defects or deviations from specifications, and make sure that defective products do not go out into the market and production issues are addressed.
Most quality assurance (QA) specialists do not require a bachelor’s degree. Depending on the employer, a high school diploma or associate’s degree will suffice, followed by on-the-job training. The requirements may differ based on the state and the company. Certifications from the American Society for Quality (ASQ) can help in furthering one’s career as a QA professional.
These are just five of the best professions in the medical/dental instruments manufacturing field. There are many other possible career paths to choose from, such as in marketing, production, and much more.
Why Choose Medical/Dental Instruments as a Career?
The medical and dental instruments manufacturing sector needs many professionals to ensure the quality and safety of their products, the right sales representatives, and more. It is a foundational aspect of modern healthcare and industry.
As a career, the field is open to individuals with various undergraduate degrees, such as Biology, Business, Engineering, Advertising, Medicine, and so on.
What are the Opportunities in Medical/Dental Instruments?
The global market for medical devices was valued at $577.26B, while dental surgical instruments were valued at $5.60B in 2022. These two markets are expected to grow at a compound annual growth rate or CAGR of 5.5% and 5.9% respectively, from 2022 to 2030. This means that there is an expected continued and rising demand for these instruments in the years to come, making it a possibly lucrative and stable career path.
Furthermore, the growing population and increasing number of conditions, both medical and dental, are some of the major factors that drive the demand for these instruments. Hospitals and dental offices seek to provide their patients with the best form of medical or dental care that these instruments or devices can provide.
How Much Do You Get Paid?
Salary expectations in medical/dental instruments manufacturing vary. It is generally affected by the location of operations, the kinds of products, and the size of the company or employer.
Bioengineers earn an average annual salary of $97,410 as of May 2021. The average base pay is at $60,680 while those in higher positions or with more experience can earn up to or more than $154,750 a year. The top industries for bioengineers to work for are navigational, measuring, electromedical, and control instruments manufacturing; research and development in the physical, engineering, and life sciences; medical equipment and supplies manufacturing; and healthcare and social assistance.
Sales representatives in general earn an average annual salary of $61,600 as of May 2021, earning as low as $30,620 or as high as $125,750. This is largely affected by their commissioning schemes with their employers, as well as the type of instruments or machines they sell.
For dental and ophthalmic laboratory technicians, the average annual pay is $39,090 as of May 2021. Base pay starts at $29,230, and can go as high as $62,730 a year. Medical equipment technicians in the US on the other hand can expect an average of $49,910 annual salary, with a range of $31,280 to $81,850. Finally, quality control specialists earn an average of $38,850 annually, with a range of $28,820 to $62,970.
What is the Future of Medical/Dental Instruments?
The future of this industry largely depends on innovations in medical and dental care. As the goal has always been to provide safer and more efficient healthcare for patients, both bioengineers and medical scientists are working towards developing cures and instruments that can help more people.
It is safe to say that the continued evolution of healthcare and dental care will shape the future of this sector of manufacturing. As long as medical and dental hospitals and clinics exist, so will this crucial industry. Manufacturing companies must always keep up with these changes so they will not be left behind.
Instrumental Careers in Healthcare Innovation
Medical and dental instruments serve as crucial partners to healthcare professionals. They help save and prolong lives, provide comfort for those in pain, and deliver the kind of care that people fifty or one hundred years ago would never think possible. It is an important field in manufacturing, and so are the professionals that work in it.
There are many professionals that make sure the best tool is developed, created, and safely delivered to the hands of medical and dental professionals. Careers in this field are therefore not just stable, but also fulfilling as it plays their part in helping people.
Sarah is an accomplished educator, researcher and author in the field of testing and assessment. She has worked with various educational institutions and organisations to develop innovative evaluation methods and enhance student learning. Sarah has published numerous articles and books on assessment and learning. Her passion for promoting equity and fairness in the education system fuels her commitment to sharing insights and best practices with educators and policymakers around the world.
